WAC 296-806-500
Definitions.
Abrasive wheel
A grinding tool consisting of bonded abrasive grains.
This includes diamond and reinforced wheels.
Adjustable barrier guard
A barrier guard with provisions for adjustment to
accommodate various jobs or tooling set-ups.
Air-lift hammer
A type of gravity drop hammer in which the ram is raised
for each stroke by an air cylinder. Because the length of
stroke can be controlled, ram velocity, and therefore the
energy delivered to the work piece, can be varied.
Antirepeat
A device that limits the machine to a single stroke if
the activating means is held in the operative position.
Arbor
A rotating shaft used for mounting and transmitting
torque to a cutting tool.
Authorized person
Someone the employer has given the authority and
responsibility to perform a specific assignment.
Awareness barrier
A barrier device that allows more access to the hazard
area, but still restricts access enough to warn of an
approaching hazard.
Barricade
A barrier such as a guardrail, fence, or other framework
designed to prevent employee access and exposure to a hazard.
Barrier guard
A barrier that provides a physical restriction from a
hazard.
Belt conveyors
An endless belt of any material, operating over suitable
pulleys to move materials placed on the belt.
Belt pole
A device used in shifting belts on and off fixed pulleys
on line or countershaft where there are no loose pulleys.
Belt poles are sometimes called "belt shippers" or "shipper
poles."
Belt shifter
A device for mechanically shifting belts from tight to
loose idler pulleys or vice versa, or for shifting belts on
cones of speed pulleys.
Bench grinder
A bench mounted off-hand grinding machine with either one
or two wheels mounted on a horizontal spindle.
Bending
The application of stress concentrated at specific points
to permanently turn, press or force from a straight, level or
flat condition to a curved or angular configuration.
Blade
A replaceable tool having one or more cutting edges for
shearing, notching or coping.
Blanking
To bypass a portion of the sensing field of a
presence-sensing device. The purpose is to allow objects such
as tooling, feed stock, and work pieces to pass through the
sensing field without sending a stop signal to the controlled
machine. There are two blanking modes: Fixed and floating.
Blind hole
A hole drilled in an object, such as an abrasive wheel,
that does not go all the way through the object.
Blotter
A compressible disc or washer, usually of blotting paper,
plastic, cardboard, or gasket material, that is used between
the wheel and the flanges to evenly distribute flange pressure
on the wheel.
Board hammer
A type of gravity drop hammer where wood boards attached
to the ram are raised vertically by action of contrarotating
rolls, and then released. Energy for forging is obtained by
the mass and velocity of the freely falling ram and the
attached upper die.
Bolster plate
Plate attached to the press bed having holes, T-slots, or
other means for attaching the lower die or die shoe.
Brake
Mechanism for stopping or preventing motion.
Chain conveyor
A conveyor in which one or more chains (including those
with paddles or bars attached to them) move the conveyor.
Specific examples of chain conveyors include drag, rolling,
pusher bar, pusher chain and sliding chain conveyors.
Channel blanking
A feature that allows a safety light curtain system to be
programmed to ignore objects. Also called "fixed blanking."
Chipper
A machine that cuts material into chips.
Chuck
A revolving clamp-like device used for holding and
driving the work piece.
Clutch
A mechanism to couple the flywheel to the crankshaft.
When engaged, it allows the driving force to be transmitted to
the press slide.
Comb
See feather board.
Concurrent
Occurring at the same time.
Cone pulley
A pulley having two or more steps in a conical shape for
driving machinery.
Cone and plug wheels (Types 16, 17, 18, 18R, and 19)
Abrasive wheels manufactured with blind hole threaded
bushings. They may be used on all surfaces except the flat
mounting surface. Specific characteristics of the different
cone and plug wheels are:
• Type 16 cones have a curved side with a nose radius.
• Type 17 cones have straight sides with or without a
nose radius.
• Type 18 and 18R plug wheels are cylindrical in shape
with either a square or curved grinding end.
• Type 19 cone wheels are a combination of cone and plug
shapes.
Control system
Sensors, manual input and mode selection elements,
interlocking and decision-making circuitry, and output
elements of the press-operating devices and mechanisms.
Coping-notching
Where the edge or periphery of the work piece is sheared.
Counterbalance
Mechanism used to balance or support the weight of the
connecting rods, slide, and slide attachments.
Cutting-off wheels
Abrasive wheels used to cut material such as masonry,
pipe, etc.
Cutting tool or saw blade
A tool used on a metal sawing machine.
Cycle
The complete movement of the ram from its starting
position and return to that same starting position.
Dado
A straight-sided groove, perpendicular to the face of the
work piece, having a width greater than the thickness of a
single saw blade.
Device
A control or attachment that is any of the following:
• Restrains the operator from inadvertently reaching into
the hazardous area.
• Prevents normal or hazardous operation if any part of
an individual's body is inadvertently within the hazardous
area.
• Automatically withdraws the operator's hands, if the
operator's hands are inadvertently within the hazardous area
during the hazardous portion of the machine cycle.
• Maintains the operator or the operator's hands during
the hazardous portion of the machine cycle at a safe distance
from the hazardous area.
Die or dies
Tooling used in a press for shearing, punching, forming,
drawing, or assembling metal or other material.
Die enclosure guard
Guard attached to the die shoe or stripper in a fixed
position.
Die setter
A person who installs or removes dies from the press, and
makes the necessary adjustments so the tooling functions
properly and safely.
Die setting
Process of installing or removing dies, and adjusting the
dies, other tooling and the safeguarding guards or devices.
Die shoe
Plate or block that a die holder is mounted on. It
functions primarily as a base for the complete die assembly
and, if used, is bolted or clamped to the bolster plate or the
face of the slide.
Die shutheight
Actual or design dimension between the mounting surfaces
of a die.
Divider
A machine that mechanically divides the dough into pieces
of predetermined volume or weight.
Dough sheeter
See sheeter.
Dressed
When material is removed from the cutting surfaces of an
abrasive wheel to expose new sharp cutting surfaces.
Drilling/boring machine
A single or multiple spindle machine that uses a rotating
cylindrical tool such as a drill, a counterboring tool, and
similar tools to produce a hole, blind hole, counterbore,
countersink, and similar cavities in work pieces. A work
support means is provided to feed the tool into the work piece
or the work piece into the tool.
Dross
Waste product or impurities formed on the surface of
molten metal.
Dump bin and blender
That part of the flour handling system where the
containers of flour are emptied.
Face of the slide
Surface of the slide to which the punch or upper die is
generally attached.
Feather board/comb
A work-guiding and hold-down device consisting of stock
with a series of spring-like fingers along the edge, set and
positioned at an angle to the work piece.
Feeding
Placing material in or removing it from the point of
operation.
Fence
A device used to locate and guide a work piece relative
to the cutting tool.
Fixed barricade
A guard attached to a fixed surface used to enclose a
hazardous area and prevent employees from placing any part of
their body into the point of operation.
Fixed barrier guard
A guard attached to the frame, bolster, or other surface
to enclose all or part of the point of operation or other
hazard area.
Fixed blade
A stationary blade having one or more cutting edges.
Fixed blanking
A feature that allows a safety light curtain system to be
programmed to ignore objects. Also called "channel blanking."
Fixture/jig
A device used to locate, hold, or clamp one or more work
pieces in a desired position.
Flanges
Collars, discs, or plates between or against which wheels
are mounted. There are four types of flanges:
• Adaptor.
• Sleeve.
• Straight relieved.
• Straight unrelieved.
Floating blanking (floating window)
A feature that allows a safety light curtain system to be
programmed to ignore the interruption of one or two beams
within the light curtain. This allows the feeding of an
object through the defined area at any point along the length
of the curtain without causing it to produce a stop signal.
Floorstand grinder
A floor mounted, off-hand grinding machine with one or
two wheels mounted on a horizontal spindle. The wheels are
normally twenty-four inches or thirty inches in diameter and
used for snagging operations.
Forging
Metal formed to a desired shape by impact or pressure in
hammers, forging machines (upsetters), presses, rolls, and
related forming equipment. Forging hammers, counterblow
equipment, and high-energy-rate forging machines impart impact
to the work piece, while most other types of forging equipment
impart squeeze pressure in shaping the stock. Some metals can
be forged at room temperature, but the majority of metals are
made more plastic for forging with heat. Forged or drop
forged parts are much stronger than poured or cast parts from
foundries.
Forging presses
A class of forging equipment where the shaping of metal
between dies is performed by mechanical or hydraulic pressure
and usually is accomplished with a single workstroke of the
press for each die station.
Full revolution clutch
Type of clutch that, when engaged, cannot be disengaged
until the press has completed a single cycle (stroke).
Gage
See miter gage.
Gap (throat)
An opening or recess in the frame of the machine to
permit positioning of material or work pieces.
Gate or movable barrier device
Safeguarding device that encloses the point of operation
before press motion can be initiated.
Guard (abrasive wheels)
An enclosure designed to restrain the pieces of an
abrasive wheel and furnish protection to the operator if the
wheel is broken during operation.
Guard
A barrier that does at least one of the following:
• Prevents the hands or other body part from reaching
through, over, under, or around the guard into the hazard
area.
• Prevents objects or debris from falling onto or being
ejected towards an employee.
Guidepost
The pin attached to the upper or lower die shoe. It
operates within the bushing on the opposing die shoe to
maintain the alignment of the upper and lower dies.
Hazard
A condition that could cause physical harm to a person.
Hazard area
An area or space that poses an immediate or impending
physical hazard.
Hog
A machine used for cutting or grinding slabs and other
coarse residue from the mill.
Horizontal lathe
A turning machine in which the work piece revolves about
a horizontal axis. While the work is revolving, it is being
shaped by cutting tools working either parallel to the axis of
the work or at an angle to the axis of the work.
Idler (pulley)
A pulley or roller on a shaft that presses against or
rests on a drive belt to guide it or take up slack.
Inch
Die setting mode that engages the driving clutch so a
small portion of one cycle (stroke) occurs, depending upon the
length of time the operator control is held actuated.
Indirect recirculating ovens
Ovens that are equipped with a gas-tight duct system, a
furnace, and a circulating fan. Combustion gases are
circulated through this enclosed system and mixed with fresh
combustion gases generated by the burner in the combustion
chamber. A vent or overflow removes a portion of the gases to
make room for the fresh gases added by the burner. No
unburned gases or products of combustion enter the baking
chamber.
Interlocked barrier guard
Barrier attached to the press frame and interlocked with
the press control system so the press stroke cannot be started
normally unless the guard, or its hinged or movable sections,
enclose the point of operation.
Inverted swing and jump saws
Saws with a saw blade starting position below the table,
where the blade must travel through the horizontal plane of
the tabletop to make the cut on the stock.
Ironworker
A machine with multiple workstations at which various
operations may be performed singly or simultaneously,
including but not limited to:
• Punching;
• Shearing;
• Notching;
• Coping; and
• Forming.
Jig
See fixture.
Jog
Die setting mode where intermittent motion is imparted to
the slide by momentary operation of the drive motor after the
flywheel is at rest and the clutch is engaged.
Jointer
A machine that has a cylindrical cutter head with more
than one knife or cutting edge. It has an adjustable in-feed
means of work support, or an adjustable cutter head or knives,
as well as a fence or other work piece guide.
Jump saw
A machine that utilizes a means of work support and hold
down, and has a powered arbor on an arm that pivots about a
point located behind the saw arbor at approximately the same
height. At rest position the saw blade is below the work
piece. See inverted swing and jump saws.
Kerf
The slot made by a saw blade as it saws through a work
piece.
Kickback
The uncontrolled propulsion or self-feed type action of a
work piece in the direction of the rotation or travel of the
working portion of the saw, cutting tool, sanding belt, or
sanding head.
Live roller conveyor
A series of rollers with objects moving over them through
power to all or some of the rollers. The power is usually
transmitted by a belt or chain.
Mandrel
Tooling or a machine component used to provide internal
support. It can be a spindle or shaft on which a tool is
mounted, such as a drill bit.
Manlift
A device consisting of a power-driven endless belt moving
in one direction only, and provided with steps or platforms
and handholds attached to it for the transportation of
personnel from floor to floor.
Manual feeding
The operator puts material or the part being processed
into the press for each cycle (stroke).
Maximum exposure angle
The largest part of a wheel that does not need to be
covered by a safety guard.
Miter gage
A device used as a work piece pusher, guided by a table
groove.
Miter saw
A cutoff saw with a means of work support. It utilizes a
powered arbor on an arm that pivots about a point located
behind the saw arbor at approximately the same height. The
saw arbor may also slide vertically. In the at-rest position,
the saw blade is above the maximum capacity work piece.
Mode
The state or condition of the control system that allows
specific operations of the machine.
Modified Types 6 and 11 wheels (terrazzo)
Similar to Type 6 "straight cup" wheels and Type 11
"flaring cup" wheels except for the bottom of the cup. The
bottom of the cup is flat in Type 6 and 11 wheels. The
modified wheels have bottoms that are sloped downwards towards
the mounting hole. These modified wheels need to be mounted
using a special tapered flange furnished by the tool
manufacturer. These wheels are used in the terrazzo trade.
Molding machine
A machine that uses more than one arbor-mounted
cylindrical, rotating cutting tool. It also uses power
feeding, where once a work piece is engaged, it carries the
work piece linearly through the balance of the intended
operations, without further operator action. Operations can
be performed on all surfaces of a work piece. Work pieces can
be hopper- or hand-loaded and are fed ribbon-style into the
machine.
Mortiser
A machine designed to produce a square or rectangular
cavity through use of a moving, forming, or reciprocating
tool. Means are provided to clamp and support the stock, and
either move the stock into the tool or the tool into the
stock.
Moulder
A machine in which the dough pieces are shaped and formed
prior to final proofing.
Mounted wheels
Bonded abrasive wheels of various shapes, usually two
inches diameter or smaller, that are secured to plain or
threaded steel shafts or mandrels.
Movable barrier device
See gate or movable barrier device.
Nip-point belt and pulley guard
A guard that encloses the pulley and has rounded or
rolled edge slots for the belt to pass through.
Off-hand grinding
Grinding of a work piece that is held in the operator's
hand.
Overland conveyor
A single or series of belt conveyors designed to carry
bulk material long distances, usually following the general
contour of the land.
Part revolution clutch
Type of clutch that can be disengaged before the press
slide completes a full stroke.
Pedestal grinder
An off-hand grinding machine similar to a bench grinder
mounted on or otherwise attached to a floor-mounted pedestal.
Pinch point
Any point, other than the point of operation, where it is
possible for a part of the body to be caught between moving
parts or between a moving part and stationary one.
Planer
A machine with at least one cylindrical cutter head, that
includes one or more inserted knife or cutting edge. A planer
has a cutter head mounted over a means of work support. It
also uses either an adjustable work support or cutter head to
size the stock. The work piece is usually power-fed.
Point of operation
The area on a machine where work is actually performed
upon the material being processed.
Power-driven hammers
Types of drop hammers in which the ram is raised for each
stroke by a double-action steam, air, or hydraulic cylinder,
and the energy delivered to the work piece is supplied by the
velocity and weight of the ram and attached upper die driven
downward by steam, air, or hydraulic pressure. Energy
delivered during each stroke may be varied.
Power transmission parts
The mechanical components of a piece of equipment that,
together with a source of power (sometimes referred to as a
prime mover), provide the motion to a part of a machine or
piece of equipment.
Presence-sensing device
A device that creates a sensing field, area, or plane to
detect the presence of an individual or object.
Presence-sensing device initiation (PSDI)
Operating mode of a mechanical power press where a single
cycle (stroke) is initiated by a presence-sensing device when
it senses that the operator has finished feeding or removing
parts and all parts of the operator's body are withdrawn from
the sensing field of the device.
Pull-back device
A device attached to the operator's hands and connected
to the upper die or slide of the press that will pull the
operator's hands out of the point of operation as the dies
close.
Push block
A nonmetallic device with one or more handles. A push
block also has a flat bottom surface with either a heel or
friction material on it, used as a hold-down and feed device.
The purpose of this is to provide a safe distance between the
hands and the cutting tool.
Pusher-bar conveyor
Two endless chains cross-connected at intervals by bars
or pushers that propel the load along the bed or trough.
Push stick
A nonmetallic stick shaped device designed to provide a
safe distance between the hands and the cutting tool. It has,
as part of its design, a notched end with a heel and toe to
hold down and feed the work piece past the cutting tool.
Racks
Carriers of pans, panned dough and bakery products. They
are usually constructed of metal and mounted on casters or
provided with trolleys for use on a monorail system.
Reinforced wheels
Organic bonded abrasive wheels which have webbing, fabric
or filament to provide resistance to complete breaking of the
wheel should it become cracked or damaged.
Repeat
An unintended or unexpected successive stroke of the
press resulting from a malfunction.
Restraint device
A device with attachments for the operator's hands and
wrists that prevent the operator from reaching into the
hazardous area.
Return-belt idlers
A roller that supports the return run of the conveyor
belt.
Ripping
A sawing operation made through the thickness of the work
piece with the grain of natural wood, along the long dimension
of a rectangular work piece, and usually parallel to that edge
on reconstituted wood products. Two or more pieces result
from the operation.
Rivet-making machines
The same as upsetters and bolt-headers when producing
rivets with stock diameter of one inch or more.
Riving knife
See spreader.
SFPM
See surface feet per minute.
Safeguarding by location
Because of its location, no employee can inadvertently
come in contact with a hazard during operation, maintenance,
or servicing.
Safeguarding by distance
Employees are kept far enough from a hazard that they
will not contact or be injured by the hazard.
Safeguarding device
See device.
Safety block
A prop inserted between the upper and lower dies or
between the bolster plate and the face of the slide to prevent
the slide from falling of its own weight.
Safety cylinder
This safety device may be of the direct cushion type
integral with the main cylinder or it may be of the separate
cushion type whereby a constant supply of live steam or air is
applied behind a separate piston adjacent to the main
cylinder. A spring, suitably constrained, may also be
employed.
Safety cylinder head
An air cushion at the top of the hammer, just below the
head, to protect the head from damage by the piston.
Scale
Any layer or leaf of metal resembling the scale of a fish
in size and thinness; such as a scale of iron.
Screw conveyor
A screw or auger that revolves in a suitably shaped
trough or casing, used to move material in one specific
direction.
Shaper
A machine that uses one or more vertical spindles that
are either fixed or able to be tilted, usually with an arbor
mounted rotating cylindrical cutter, to form decorative or
functional forms on a manually or power-fed work piece. The
work piece is supported on a stationary or moving table. A
guide, fixture, or template is used to control the operation.
The spindle can be mounted above or below the work support
means.
Sheeter
A machine that forms dough into a sheet by compression
through one or more sets of driven rolls.
Sifter
A device that sifts flour. Sifter types are brush,
oscillating, or vibrating.
Single stroke mechanism
Used on a full revolution clutch to limit the travel of
the slide to one complete stroke at each engagement of the
clutch.
Slat and roller slat conveyor
A conveyor employing one or more endless chains to which
nonoverlapping, noninterlocking, spaced slats are attached.
Slide
Part of the press that moves back and forth in a straight
line. Also called a ram, plunger, or platen.
Snagging
Grinding which removes relatively large amounts of
material without regard to close tolerances or surface finish.
Spreader
A flat metal device slightly narrower than the saw kerf.
It is designed to prevent the saw blade kerf in the work piece
from closing on the sides of the blade during a sawing
operation.
Steam hammers
A type of drop hammer where the ram is raised for each
stroke by a double-action steam cylinder and the energy
delivered to the work piece is supplied by the velocity and
weight of the ram and attached upper die driven downward by
steam pressure. Energy delivered during each stroke may be
varied.
Stripper
A mechanism or die part for removing parts or material
from the punch.
Surface feet per minute (SFPM)
A measure of the speed of a point on the periphery (outer
edge) of an abrasive wheel. It is calculated using the
formula:
SFPM = .262 x diameter of the wheel (in inches) x RPM
(revolutions per minute)
Example:
Wheel diameter = 24 inches
Spindle speed = 1000 RPM
SFPM = .262 x 24 x 1000 = 3,144 SFPM
Sweep device
A single or double arm (rod) attached to the upper die or
slide of the press that is designed to move the operator's
hands to a safe position as the dies close. Sweep devices are
not allowed for point-of-operation safeguarding.
Swing saw/overhead swing cutoff saw
A machine with a means of work support using a powered
arbor and circular saw blade that pivots about a point located
above the saw arbor.
Tenoning machine
A machine designed to use two or more cylindrical
cutters, or one or two circular saws, to size or prepare (or
both) the ends of a work piece. The work piece is supported
on a table or conveying means. A means for clamping the work
piece is provided.
Terrazzo
A material of stone chips, such as marble, set in mortar
and polished.
Threaded hole wheels
Abrasive wheels that have one central threaded bushing,
securely anchored in place. They are mounted by being screwed
onto a threaded machine spindle so that the wheel back seats
firmly against an unrelieved flat back flange.
Tongs
Metal holder used to handle hot or cold forgings.
Tongue guard
An integral part of a safety guard that is located where
the upper exposed part of the abrasive wheel meets the safety
guard. It can be adjusted as necessary to maintain a set
distance from the constantly decreasing diameter of the wheel.
Tooling
Elements for guiding or imparting a desired configuration
to the material.
Top grinding
Grinding done above the horizontal centerline of the
wheel.
Towed conveyor
An endless chain supported by trolleys from an overhead
track or running in a track on the floor with means for towing
floor-supported trucks, dollies, or carts.
Trimming presses
A class of auxiliary forging equipment that removes flash
(metal splash) or excess metal from a forging. This trimming
operation can also be done cold, as in can coining, a
product-sizing operation.
Trip (or tripping)
Momentary actuation of the activating control to initiate
the cycle (stroke).
Trued
When the cutting surfaces of an abrasive wheel have been
reshaped to expose new sharp cutting surfaces.
Turnover bar
A bar used in die setting to manually turn the crankshaft
of the press.
Two-hand device
A device that requires the concurrent use of both of the
operator's hands to both initiate and continue the machine
cycle during the hazardous portion of the machine cycle.
Two-hand trip device
A device that requires concurrent operation of the trip
controls or levers by the operator's hands to initiate the
machine cycle.
Type A movable gate
A device that encloses the hazardous area when the
machine cycles and does not open until the end of the cycle.
Type B movable gate
A device that encloses the hazardous area when the
machine cycles and opens when hazardous motion of the cycle is
over. Type B devices are not allowed on full revolution type
machinery.
Type 1 wheel
An abrasive wheel shaped like a disc with a mounting hole
in the middle. Sometimes called a "straight wheel." It has
diameter (D), thickness (T), and hole size (H) dimensions.
Grinding is normally done on the periphery (outside curve) of
the wheel (T dimension). Can be used for grinding,
cutting-off, and tuck pointing.
Type 2 wheel
An abrasive wheel shaped like an open-ended, hollow
cylinder. Sometimes called a cylinder wheel. It has diameter
(measured from the outer wall of the cylinder), wheel
thickness (height of the cylinder), and rim thickness
(thickness of the cylinder wall). Grinding is done on the end
of the cylinder (rim thickness dimension).
Type 6 wheel
An abrasive wheel shaped like a straight-sided cup or
bowl with a mounting hole in the bottom of the cup. Sometimes
called a "cup wheel." It has diameter (D), thickness (T), hole
size (H), rim thickness (W), and back thickness (E)
dimensions. Grinding is normally done on the cup rim (W
dimension).
Type 11 wheel
An abrasive wheel shaped like a cup or bowl with a
mounting hole in the bottom of the cup. The sides of the cup
are not straight-sided but are angled outward. Sometimes
called a "flaring cup wheel" since the sides are "flared" out.
It has double diameter dimensions (top D and bottom J). It
also has thickness (T), hole size (H), rim thickness (W) and
back thickness (E) dimensions. Grinding is normally done on
the cup rim (W dimension).
Type 16, 17, 18, 18R, and 19 wheels
See cone and plug wheels.
Type 27 wheel
An abrasive wheel similar to a Type 1 wheel, but the
center of the wheel around the mounting hole is pushed back
(depressed). Sometimes called a "depressed center" wheel. It
has diameter (D), thickness (U) and hole size (H) dimensions.
The depressed center allows grinding on the flat surface of
the wheel without interference from the flange or mounting
hardware.
Type 27A cutting-off wheel
Similar to a Type 27 wheel. Specifically designed for
use on cutting-off machines.
Type 28 wheel
An abrasive wheel similar to a Type 27 wheel, but the
face of the wheel is angled upward and away from the mounting
hole. The face of a Type 27 wheel is flat and perpendicular
to the mounting hole. A Type 28 wheel is also called a
"depressed center" wheel. It has diameter (D), thickness (U)
and hole size (H) dimensions. The depressed center allows
grinding without interference from the mounting. A Type 28
wheel has a saucer-shaped grinding rim and is designed for
corner grinding and side grinding.
Type 29 wheel
An abrasive wheel that has reversed, saucer-shaped
grinding rims (similar to a partially opened umbrella).
Unitized tooling
A die that has the upper and lower members incorporated
into a self-contained unit that holds the die members in
alignment.
Upsetters (or forging machines, or headers)
A type of forging equipment, related to the mechanical
press, in which the main forming energy is applied
horizontally to the work piece that is gripped and held by
prior action of the dies.
Wood products
Wood products include wood and reconstituted wood
products that generate chips or dust in the processing of a
wood piece.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050,
and 49.17.060. 04-14-028, § 296-806-500, filed 6/29/04,
effective 1/1/05.]