WAC 212-17-900
Appendix. This appendix is not a part of
this rule but is included to provide guidelines, based on
nationally-recognized standards, for use by licensees in
establishing safe practices involving the manufacture or
storage of fireworks and for use by local fire officials in
determining compliance with safety standards for the purpose
of issuing permits for fireworks manufacture or storage.
In addition to the definitions in chapter 70.77 RCW and
this rule, the following definitions apply to this appendix:
Barricade. A natural or artificial barrier that will
effectively screen a magazine, building, railway, or highway
from the effects of an explosion in a magazine or building
containing explosives. It shall be of such height that a
straight line from the top of any sidewall of a building or
magazine containing explosives to the cave line of any
magazine, or building, or to a point twelve feet above the
center of a railway or highway, will pass through such natural
or artificial barrier.
Natural barricade. Natural features of the ground, such
as hills, or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding
exposures that require protection cannot be seen from the
magazine or building containing explosives when the trees are
bare of leaves.
Artificial barricade. An artificial mound or revetted
wall of earth of a minimum thickness of three feet.
Breakaway construction. A general term which applies to
the principle of purposely providing a weak wall so that the
explosive effects can be directed and minimized. The term
"weak wall" as used in this code refers to a weak wall, weak
wall and roof, or weak roof.
The term "weak wall" is used in a relative sense as
compared to the construction of the entire building. The
design strength of a "weak wall" will vary as to the building
construction, as well as to the type and quantity of explosive
or pyrotechnic materials in the building. The materials used
for "weak wall" construction are usually light gauge metal,
plywood, hardboard or equivalent lightweight material, and the
material is purposely selected to minimize the danger from
flying missiles. Method of attachment of the weak wall shall
be such as to aid the relief of blast pressure and fireball.
Fireworks plant. Means all lands, and buildings thereon,
used for or in connection with the manufacture or processing
of fireworks. It includes storage buildings used with or in
connection with plant operation.
Highway. Means any public street, public alley or public
road.
Inhabited building. Means a building or structure
regularly used in whole or part as a place of human
habitation. The term "inhabited building" shall also mean any
church, school, store, passenger station, airport terminal for
passengers, and any other building or structure where people
are accustomed to congregate or assemble, but excluding any
building or structure occupied in connection with the
manufacture, transportation, and storage of explosive
materials or fireworks.
Magazine. Means any building or structure, other than a
manufacturing building, meeting the requirements specified in
chapter 3 of this code.
Manufacture of fireworks. Means the preparation of
fireworks mixes and the loading and assembling of all
fireworks, except pyrotechnic display items made on-site by
qualified personnel for immediate use when such operation is
otherwise lawful.
Mixing building. Means any building used primarily for
mixing and blending pyrotechnic composition, excluding wet
sparkler mixes.
Motor vehicle. Means any self-propelled passenger
vehicle, truck, tractor, semitrailer, or truck-full trailer
used for the transportation of freight over public highways.
Nonprocess building. Means office buildings, warehouses,
and other fireworks plant buildings where no fireworks or
explosive compositions are processed or stored.
Person. Means any individual, firm, copartnership,
corporation, company, association, joint stock association,
and including any trustee, receiver, assignee, or personal
representative thereof.
Process building. Means any mixing building, any
building in which pyrotechnic or explosive composition is
pressed or otherwise prepared for finishing and assembling, or
any finishing and assembling building, including a building
used for preparation of fireworks for shipment. If a
pyrotechnic or explosive composition while in the state of
processing is stored in a process building, the building is
classified as a process building. See also storage building.
Public conveyance. Means any vehicle carrying passengers
for hire.
Pyrotechnic composition. Means a chemical mixture which
on burning and without explosion produces visible or brilliant
displays or bright lights, or whistles.
Railway. Means any steam, electric, diesel electric or
other railroad or railway which carries passengers for hire on
the particular line or branch in the vicinity where explosives
or fireworks are stored or where fireworks manufacturing
buildings are situated.
Screen type barricade. Means any of several barriers for
containing embers and debris from fires and deflagrations in
process buildings that could cause fires and explosions in
other buildings. Screen type barricades are constructed of
metal roofing, one-quarter-inch and one-half-inch mesh screen
or equivalent material. A screen type barricade extends from
the floor level of the donor building to such height that a
straight line from the top of any side wall of the donor
building to the cave line of the acceptor building will go
through the screen at a point not less than five feet from the
top of the screen. The top five feet of the screen are
inclined at an angle of between 30 and 45 degrees, toward the
donor building.
Squib. Means a device containing a small quantity of
ignition compound in contact with a bridge wire.
Storage building. Means any building, structure, or
facility in which Division 1.4G, 1.5G or 1.6G fireworks in any
state of processing, or finished Division 1.4G, 1.5G, or 1.6G
fireworks are stored, but in which no processing or
manufacturing is performed.
Warehouse. Means any building or structure used
exclusively for the storage of materials, except fireworks or
combustible or explosive compositions used to manufacture
fireworks.
PART I
MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS
1. General
11. All fireworks plants shall comply with the
requirements of this section except that those plants that
meet all of the conditions of the following paragraphs a, b
and c need not comply with Articles 2 and 6:
a. Making only customized fireworks not for general sale.
b. Having not more than five pounds of explosive
composition, including not more than one-half pound of
initiating explosive, in a building at one time.
c. All explosive and pyrotechnic compositions are removed
to an appropriate storage magazine at the end of each work
day.
2. Building site security
21. All fireworks plants shall be completely surrounded
by a substantial fence having a minimum height of six feet. All buildings, except office buildings in which no processing
or storage is permitted, must be located within the fence. All openings in the fence shall be equipped with suitable
gates which shall be kept securely locked at all times, except
when in actual use; except that the main gate of the plant may
be left open during the regular hours of plant operation while
in plain view of and under observation by authorized
responsible employees or guards. Conspicuous signs indicating
"WARNING -- NO SMOKING -- NO TRESPASSING" shall be posted along the
plant fence at intervals not to exceed 500 feet.
22. No person other than authorized employees or
representatives of departments of federal, state, or political
subdivisions of the state governments having jurisdiction over
the establishment shall be allowed in any fireworks plants,
except by special permission secured from the plant office.
3. Separation distances
31. All process buildings shall be separated from
inhabited buildings, public highways and passenger railways in
accordance with Table 1.
32. The separation distance between process buildings
shall be in accordance with Table 2.
33. Separation distances of nonprocess buildings from
process buildings and magazines shall be in accordance with
Table 2.
34. Separation of magazines containing black powder or
salutes classified as Division 1.3G fireworks from inhabited
buildings, highways, and other magazines containing black
powder or salutes classified as Division 1.3G fireworks shall
be in accordance with Table 3.
4. Building construction
41. Process buildings, except buildings in which
customers' orders are prepared for shipment, shall embody
breakaway construction. The exterior of process buildings
constructed after this Code is adopted shall be constructed of
materials no more combustible than painted wood.
42. No building shall have a basement or be more than one
story high. Interior wall surfaces and ceilings of buildings
shall be smooth, free from cracks and crevices,
noncombustible, and with a minimum of horizontal ledges upon
which dust may accumulate. Wall joints and openings for
wiring and plumbing shall be sealed to prevent entry of dust. Floors and work surfaces shall not have cracks or crevices in
which explosives or pyrotechnic compositions may lodge.
43. Mixing and pressing buildings shall have conductive
flooring, properly grounded.
44. The number and location of exits in buildings in
which fireworks are being processed shall comply with a, b and
c.
a. From every point in every undivided floor area of more
than one hundred square feet there shall be at least two exits
accessible in different directions. Where building floors are
divided into rooms, there shall be at least two ways of escape
from every room of more than one hundred square feet; toilet
rooms need have only one exit and shall be so located that the
points of access thereto are away from or suitably shielded
from fireworks processing areas.
b. Exits shall be so located that it will not be
necessary to travel more than twenty-five feet from any point
to reach the nearest exit. The routes to the exits shall be
unobstructed.
c. Exit doors shall open outward, and shall be capable of
being pressure-actuated from the inside.
5. Heat, light, electrical equipment
51. No stoves, exposed flames, or electric heaters may be
used in any part of a building except in a boiler room,
machine shop, office building, pumphouse, or lavatory in which
the presence of fireworks, fireworks components, or flammable
liquids are prohibited. Heating shall be by means of steam,
indirect hot air radiation, hot water, or any other means
approved by local authorities. Unit heaters, located inside
buildings that at any time contain explosive or pyrotechnic
composition, shall be equipped with motors and switches
suitable for use in Class II, Division 1 locations.
52. Where artificial lighting is required in fireworks
processing buildings it shall be by electricity. Temporary or
loose electrical wiring shall not be used. Extension lights
are prohibited except that during repair operations approved
portable lighting equipment may be used after the area has
been cleared of all pyrotechnic or explosive composition and
after all dust has been removed by washing down.
53. All wiring in process buildings shall be in rigid
metal conduit or be Type MI cable. The wiring, lighting
fixtures, and switches shall comply with the requirements for
Class II, Division 1 locations in Article 502 of the National
Electrical Code, 1981 Edition.
54. Wiring, switches, and fixtures in storage buildings
shall comply with the requirements for Class II, Division 2
locations in Article 502 of the National Electrical Code, 1981
Edition.
55. All presses and other mechanical devices shall be
properly grounded.
56. A master switch shall be provided at the point where
electric current enters the plant, which will, upon being
opened, immediately cut off all electric current to the plant,
except that to emergency circuits such as a supply to a fire
pump or emergency lighting.
6. Maximum building occupancy and quantities of explosive or
pyrotechnic compositions permitted
61. The number of occupants in each process building and
magazine shall be limited to that number necessary for the
proper conduct of those operations.
| Note: |
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This requirement is for purposes of minimizing personnel exposure and is distinct from any requirement on maximum
building occupancy that may be in the local building code. |
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62. The maximum number of occupants permitted in each
process building and magazine shall be posted in a conspicuous
location.
63. No more than 500 pounds of pyrotechnic and explosive
composition shall be permitted at one time in any mixing
building or any building in which pyrotechnic and explosive
compositions are pressed or otherwise prepared for finishing
and assembling.
64. No more than 500 pounds of pyrotechnic and explosive
composition shall be permitted in a finishing and assembling
building at one time.
7. Fire, explosion prevention
71. All buildings shall be kept clean, orderly, and free
from accumulation of dust or rubbish. Powder or other
explosive or pyrotechnic materials, when spilled, shall be
immediately cleaned up and removed from the building.
72. Rags, combustible, pyrotechnic or explosive scrap,
and paper shall be kept separate from each other and placed in
approved marked containers. All waste and reject hazardous
material shall be removed from all buildings daily and removed
from the plant at regular intervals and destroyed by
submersion in water or by burning in a manner acceptable to
local authorities.
73. No smoking or carrying of lighted pipes, cigarettes,
cigars, matches, lighters, or open flame, is permitted within
the plant fence; except that smoking may be permitted in
office buildings or buildings used exclusively as lunchrooms
or rest rooms and in which the presence of fireworks or any
explosive composition is prohibited. Authorized smoking
locations shall be so marked, contain suitable receptacles for
cigarette and cigar butts and pipe residue, and contain at
least one serviceable fire extinguisher suitable for use on
Class A fires. Persons whose clothing is contaminated with
explosives, pyrotechnic, or other dangerous materials to the
degree that may endanger the safety of personnel shall not be
permitted in smoking locations.
74. Matches, cigarette lighters or other flame-producing
devices shall not be brought into any process building or
magazine.
75. No employee or other person shall enter or attempt to
enter any fireworks plant with liquor or narcotics in his
possession, or while under the influence of liquor or
narcotics, or partake of intoxicants or narcotics or other
dangerous drugs while in a fireworks plant.
76. All persons working at or supervising the operations
in fireworks mixing and pressing buildings shall be provided
with, and wear, cotton working uniforms. In addition,
conductive shoes and cotton socks shall be required for all
Division 1.3G fireworks operations and all mixing, pressing,
loading, and matching related to Division 1.4G, 1.5G or 1.6G
fireworks. Facilities for changing into these uniforms, and
safekeeping for the employees' street clothes shall be
provided. The uniforms shall be frequently washed, to prevent
accumulation of explosive or other pyrotechnic compounds, and
shall not be worn outside the fireworks plant. Washing and
shower facilities for employees shall be provided. All
persons working in or supervising the operations in a process
building shall wear protective clothing and eye protection as
needed. All persons working in or supervising mixing areas
shall wear respirators when the situation dictates their need.
77. Each fireworks plant shall have an employee
designated as safety officer. All employees of a fireworks
plant, upon commencing employment and at least annually
thereafter, shall be given formal instruction by this safety
officer, regarding proper methods and procedures in fireworks
plants and safety requirements and procedures for handling
explosives, pyrotechnics and fireworks.
78. In areas where there is a danger of ignition of
materials by sparks, properly maintained and nonferrous safety
hand tools shall be used.
79. In no case shall oxidizers such as nitrates,
chlorates, or perchlorates be stored in the same building with
combustible powdered materials such as charcoal, gums, metals,
sulfur, or antimony sulfide.
8. Testing fireworks
81. Testing of fireworks and components of fireworks
shall be performed in an area set aside for that purpose and
located at a safe distance, considering the nature of the
materials being tested, from any plant building or other
structure.
9. Fire extinguishers; emergency procedures
91. Fire extinguishers shall be provided in all buildings
except those in which pyrotechnic mixtures are exposed. The
number and location of extinguishers shall be in accordance
with the requirements of the local fire official.
92. Emergency procedures shall be formulated for each
plant which will include personnel instruction in any
emergency that may be anticipated. All personnel shall be
made aware of an emergency warning signal.
93. Emergency procedures shall include instruction in the
use of portable fire extinguishers and instructions on the
type of fires on which they may and may not be used.
a. The employees shall be told that if a fire is
involving or is in danger of spreading to pyrotechnic
mixtures, they are to leave the building at once and follow
prescribed procedures for alerting other employees.
b. Extinguishers may be used on fires involving ordinary
combustible materials, if the fire can be fought and
extinguished without exposing pyrotechnic mixtures.
PART II
STORAGE OF DIVISION 1.3G FIREWORKS
1. General provisions
11. Division 1.3G fireworks shall be stored in magazines
that meet the requirements of this section.
12. Division 1.3G fireworks shall be stored in magazines
unless they are in process of manufacture, being physically
handled in the operating process, being packaged or being
transported.
13. Magazines required by this section shall be
constructed in accordance with Articles 2 and 3.
14. Division 1.3G fireworks that are bullet-sensitive,
shall be stored in Type 1, 2, or 3 magazines.
a. Black powder, and Division 1.3G fireworks that are not
bullet-sensitive shall be stored in a Type 1, 2, 3, or 4
magazine.
15. Magazines containing black powder shall be separated
from inhabited buildings, passenger railways, and public
highways, and other magazines in accordance with Table 3.
16. Magazines containing Division 1.3G fireworks shall be
separated from inhabited buildings, passenger railways and
public highways in accordance with Table 1.
17. Magazines containing Division 1.3G fireworks shall be
separated from other magazines and from fireworks plant
buildings by barricades or screen-type barricades and the
distances from other magazines and process buildings shall be
in accordance with Table 2.
2. Construction of magazines -- General
21. Magazines shall be constructed in conformity with the
provisions of this section or may be of substantially
equivalent construction.
22. The ground around magazines shall be graded in such a
manner that water will drain away from the magazines.
23. Magazines requiring heat shall be heated by either
hot water radiant heating within the magazine building, or air
directed into the magazine building over either hot water or
low pressure steam (15 psig maximum) coils located outside the
magazine building.
24. The magazine heating systems shall meet the following
requirements:
1. The radiant heating coils within the building shall be
installed in such a manner that the fireworks containers
cannot contact the coils and air is free to circulate between
the coils and the fireworks.
2. The heating ducts shall be installed in such a manner
that the hot air discharge from the duct is not directed
against the fireworks or fireworks containers.
3. The heating device used in connection with a magazine
shall have controls that prevent the ambient building
temperature from exceeding 130°F.
4. The electric fan or pump used in the heating system
for a magazine shall be mounted outside and separate from the
wall of the magazine and shall be grounded.
5. The electric fan motor and the controls for an
electrical heating device used in heating water or steam shall
have overloads and disconnects, which comply with the I.C.C.
Electrical Code, 2003. All electrical switch gear shall be
located a minimum distance of 25 feet from the magazine.
6. The heating source for water or steam shall be
separated from the magazine by a distance of not less than 25
feet when electric and 50 feet when fuel-fired. The area
between the heating unit and the magazine shall be cleared of
all combustible materials.
7. The storage of fireworks and fireworks containers in
the magazine shall allow uniform air circulation so
temperature uniformity can be maintained throughout the stored
materials.
25. When lights are necessary inside the magazine,
electric safety flashlights or electric safety lanterns shall
be used.
a. The authority having jurisdiction may authorize
interior lighting of special design for magazines provided
that adequate safety is maintained.
26. When ventilation is required in a magazine,
sufficient ventilation shall be provided to protect the stored
materials in storage for the specific area in which the
magazine is located. Stored materials shall be so placed in
the magazine as not to interfere with ventilation and shall be
stored so as to prevent contact with masonry walls or with any
steel or other ferrous metal by means of a nonsparking lattice
or equivalent lining.
3. Construction of magazines
31. Type 1 magazine. A Type 1 magazine shall be a
permanent structure such as a building or an igloo that is
bullet-resistant, fire-resistant, theft-resistant,
weather-resistant, and ventilated.
a. Walls. Examples of wall construction considered
suitable for Type 1 magazines are:
1. Hollow masonry block construction with 8-inch blocks
having the hollow spaces filled with well-tamped dry sand or a
well-tamped cement/sand mixture.
2. Brick or solid cement block construction 8 inches
thick.
3. Wood construction covered with 26-gauge metal having
3/4-inch plywood or wood sheathing with a 6-inch space between
the exterior and interior sheathing and the space between the
sheathing filled with well-tamped dry sand or well-tamped
cement/dry sand mixture, with not less than 1-to-8 ratio of
cement to sand.
4. Fourteen-gauge metal construction lined with 4 inches
of brick, solid cement block or hardwood; or filled with 6
inches of sand.
b. Doors. Examples of door construction considered
suitable for Type 1 magazines are:
1. Steel plate 3/8-inches thick lined with four layers of
3/4-inch tongue and groove hardwood flooring.
2. Metal plate not less than 14 gauge lined with four
inches of hardwood.
c. Roof. The roof of a Type 1 magazine may be
constructed of metal not less than 14 gauge; or 3/4-inch wood
sheathing covered by metal not less than 26 gauge or other
noncombustible roofing material. All exposed wood on the
exterior including the eaves shall be protected by metal not
less than 26 gauge.
d. Ceiling. Where the natural terrain around a Type 1
magazine makes it possible to shoot a bullet through the roof
at such an angle that a bullet could strike the explosives
stored in the magazine, then either the roof or the ceiling
shall be of bullet-resistant construction. A bullet-resistant
ceiling may be constructed at the eave line, covering the
entire area of the magazine except the space necessary for
ventilation. Examples of ceiling construction that are
considered bullet-resistant are:
1. A tray having a depth of not less than 4 inches of
sand.
2. A hardwood ceiling not less than 4 inches thick.
e. Foundation. The foundation may be of masonry, wood,
or metal and shall be completely enclosed except for openings
to provide cross ventilation. A wooden foundation enclosure
shall be covered on the exterior with not less than 26-gauge
metal.
f. Floor. The floor may be constructed of wood or other
suitable floor materials. Floors constructed of materials
that may cause sparks shall be covered with a surface of
nonsparking material or the packages of explosives shall be
placed on pallets of nonsparking material. Magazines
constructed with foundation ventilation shall have at least a
2-inch air space between the side walls and the edge of the
floor.
g. Ventilation. Type 1 magazines shall be ventilated to
prevent dampness and heating of stored explosives. Ventilating openings shall be screened to prevent the entrance
of sparks. Ventilators in side walls shall be offset or
shielded. Magazines having foundation and roof ventilators
with the air circulating between the side walls and the floor
and between the side walls and the ceiling shall have
constructed a wooden lattice lining or equivalent to prevent
the packages of explosives from being stacked against the side
walls and blocking the air circulation.
h. Locks. Each door of a Type 1 magazine shall be
equipped with two mortise locks; or with two padlocks fastened
in separate hasps and staples; or with a combination of
mortise lock and a padlock; or with a mortise lock that
requires two keys to open; or a three-point lock, or
equivalent type of lock that secures a door to the frame at
more than one point. Padlocks shall be steel having at least
five tumblers and at least a 7/16-inch-diameter case-hardened
shackle. All padlocks shall be protected by steel hoods that
are installed in a manner to discourage insertion of bolt
cutters. Doors that are secured by a substantial internal
bolt do not require additional locking devices. Hinges and
hasps shall be securely fastened to the magazine and all
locking hardware shall be secured rigidly and directly to the
door frame.
32. Type 2 magazine. A Type 2 magazine shall be a
portable or mobile structure, such as a box, skid-magazine,
trailer or semitrailer, that is fire-resistant,
theft-resistant, weather-resistant, and ventilated. It shall
also be bullet-resistant except when used for indoor storage.
a. Type 2 outdoor box magazine
1. The sides, bottom, top and covers or doors of Type 2
outdoor box magazines shall be constructed of metal, lined
with at least 4 inches of hardwood or equivalent
bullet-resistant material. The floor shall be of wood or
other suitable nonsparking floor materials. Floors
constructed of ferrous metal shall be covered with a surface
of nonsparking material. Magazines with top opening shall
have a lid that overlaps the sides by at least 1 inch when in
closed position.
2. Type 2 outdoor box magazines shall be supported in
such a manner as to prevent the floor from having direct
contact with the ground. Small magazines shall be securely
fastened to a fixed object to prevent theft of the entire
magazine.
3. Hinges, hasps, locks, and locking hardware shall
conform to the provisions for Type 1 magazines as specified in
paragraph 31(h).
b. Type 2 vehicular magazine
1. The sides and roof shall be not less than 20 gauge
metal. The walls shall be lined with 4 inches of brick or
solid cement block or hardwood, or 6 inches of sand, or other
bullet-resistant material. The exposed interior walls may be
lined with wood. The roof shall be protected by a
bullet-resistant ceiling meeting the construction requirements
for bullet-resistant ceilings in paragraph 31(d).
2. The doors shall be of metal, lined with not less than
4 inches of hardwood, or a metal exterior with a hardwood
inner door not less than 4 inches in thickness.
3. The floors shall be in accordance with the provisions
for Type 1 magazines in paragraph 31(f).
4. The doors shall be locked with at least two padlocks
for each door opening, either two padlocks on the exterior
door fastened on separate hasps and staples or one padlock on
the exterior door and one padlock on the interior door. The
padlocks shall be steel having at least five tumblers and at
least a 7/16-inch-diameter case-hardened shackle. The
padlocks need not be protected by steel hoods. Hinges and
hasps shall be securely fastened to the magazine and all
locking hardware shall be secured rigidly and directly to the
door frame. When unattended, vehicular magazines shall have
wheels removed, or be locked with a kingpin locking device, or
otherwise be effectively immobilized.
c. Type 2 indoor magazine
1. An indoor Type 2 magazine shall be provided with
substantial wheels or casters to facilitate removal from a
building in an emergency. The cover for the magazine shall
have substantial strap hinges and a means for locking. The
magazine shall be kept locked except during the placement or
removal of explosive materials with one five-tumbler padlock
or equivalent.
2. Type 2 indoor magazines shall be painted red and shall
bear lettering in white, on top, at least three inches high,
"Explosives -- Keep fire away."
3. Type 2 indoor magazines constructed of wood shall have
sides, bottoms, and covers or doors constructed of 2-inch
hardwood and shall be well braced at corners. The magazines
shall be covered with sheet metal of not less than 20 gauge. Nails exposed to the interior of such magazines shall be
countersunk.
4. Type 2 indoor magazines constructed of metal shall
have sides, bottoms, and covers or doors constructed of
12-gauge metal and shall be lined inside with a nonsparking
material. Edges of metal covers shall overlap sides at least
1 inch.
33. Type 3 magazine. Type 3 magazines shall be portable
structures that are bullet-resistant, fire-resistant,
theft-resistant, and weather-resistant.
a. Type 3 magazines shall be equipped with a five-tumbler
padlock.
b. Type 3 magazines constructed of wood shall have sides,
bottoms, and covers or doors constructed of 4-inch hardwood
and shall be well braced at corners. They shall be covered
with sheet metal of not less than 20 gauge. Nails exposed to
the interior of such magazines shall be countersunk.
c. Type 3 magazines constructed of metal shall have
sides, bottoms, and covers or doors constructed of 12-gauge
metal and shall be lined inside with a nonsparking material. Edges of metal covers shall overlap sides at least 1 inch.
34. Type 4 magazine. A Type 4 magazine shall be a
permanent, portable, or mobile structure, such as a building
igloo, box, semitrailer, or other mobile container that is
fire-resistant, theft-resistant, and weather-resistant.
a. Type 4 outdoor magazine
1. A Type 4 outdoor magazine shall be constructed of
masonry, wood covered with metal, fabricated metal or a
combination of these materials. The doors shall be metal or
wood covered with metal. Permanent magazines shall be
constructed in accordance with those provisions for Type 1
magazines pertaining to: Foundations (paragraph 31(e));
ventilation (paragraph 31(g)); and locks, hinges, hasps and
locking hardware (paragraph 31(h)). Vehicular Type 4
magazines shall be in accordance with the provisions for Type
2 vehicular magazines for locks, hinges, hasps and locking
hardware (paragraph 32(b)4) and shall be immobilized when
unattended (paragraph 32(b)2).
b. Type 4 indoor magazine
1. A Type 4 indoor magazine shall be in accordance with
the provisions of a Type 2 indoor magazine (paragraph 32(d)).
4. Magazine operations
41. Storage within magazines
a. Magazines shall be in the charge of a competent person
at all times who shall be at least 21 years of age, and who
shall be held responsible for the enforcement of all safety
precautions. The competent person shall keep an up-to-date
inventory of the contents of magazines.
b. All magazines containing Division 1.3G fireworks or
black powder shall be opened and inspected at intervals of not
greater than three days to determine whether there has been an
unauthorized entry or attempted entry into the magazines; or
to determine whether there has been unauthorized removal of
the magazines or the contents of the magazines.
c. Magazine doors shall be kept locked, except during the
time of placement and removal of stocks or during inspection.
d. Safety rules covering the operations of magazines
shall be posted on the interior of the magazine door.
e. Corresponding grades and brands shall be stored
together in such a manner that brands and grade marks show. All stocks shall be stored so as to be easily counted and
checked.
f. Containers shall be piled in a stable manner.
g. Containers of Division 1.3G fireworks shall be laid
flat with top side up.
h. Black powder in shipping containers, when stored in
magazines with other explosives, shall be segregated. Black
powder stored in kegs shall be stored on ends, bungs down, or
on side, seams down.
i. Open containers shall be securely closed before being
returned to a magazine. Only fiberboard containers may be
opened in the magazine. No container without a closed lid may
be stored in the magazine.
j. Wooden packages of Division 1.3G fireworks or black
powder shall not be unpacked or repacked in a magazine nor
within 50 feet of a magazine or in close proximity to other
explosive materials.
k. Tools used for opening containers of Division 1.3G
fireworks or black powder shall be constructed of nonsparking
material, except that metal slitters may be used for opening
fiberboard containers. A wood wedge and a fiber, rubber or
wood mallet shall be used for opening or closing wood
containers of explosives.
l. Magazines shall be used exclusively for the storage of
Division 1.3G fireworks and black powder. Metal tools other
than nonferrous transfer conveyors, shall not be stored in any
magazine containing Division 1.3G fireworks or black powder. Ferrous metal conveyor stands may be stored in the magazine
when the stands are protected by a coat of paint.
m. Magazine floors shall be regularly swept, kept clean,
dry, free of grit, paper, empty used packages and rubbish. Brooms and other cleaning utensils shall not have any
spark-producing metal parts. Sweepings from floors of
magazines shall be properly disposed of, in accordance with
the instructions of the manufacturer.
n. When magazines need interior repairs, all fireworks
and black powder shall be removed therefrom and the floors
cleaned.
o. In making exterior magazine repairs, when there is a
possibility of causing sparks or fire, the fireworks and black
powder shall be removed from the magazine.
p. Fireworks and black powder removed from a magazine
under repair shall either be placed in another magazine or
placed a safe distance from the magazine, where they shall be
properly guarded and protected until repairs have been
completed. Upon completion of repairs, the fireworks and
black powder shall be promptly returned to the magazine.
42. Miscellaneous safety precautions
a. Smoking, matches, open flames, spark-producing devices
and firearms (except firearms carried by authorized guards)
shall not be permitted inside of or within 50 feet of
magazines.
b. The land surrounding magazines shall be kept clear of
brush, dried grass, leaves and similar combustibles for a
distance of at least 25 feet.
c. Combustible materials shall not be stored within 50
feet of magazines.
d. Property upon which magazines are located shall be
posted with signs reading "Explosives -- Keep off." Such signs
shall be located so as to minimize the possibility of a
bullet's traveling in the direction of the magazine if anyone
shoots at the sign.
PART III
STORAGE OF DIVISION 1.4G FIREWORKS
1. General provisions
11. Division 1.4G fireworks shall be kept in storage
buildings that meet the requirements of this section.
12. Division 1.4G fireworks shall be stored in storage
buildings unless they are in process of manufacture, being
physically handled in the operating process, being used,
packaged, or being transported.
13. Storage buildings required by this section shall be
constructed in accordance with Article 2.
14. Storage buildings containing Division 1.4G fireworks
shall be separated from inhabited buildings, passenger
railways and public highways, in accordance with Table 1.
15. Storage buildings containing Division 1.4G fireworks
shall be separated from other storage buildings, magazines and
fireworks plant buildings in accordance with Table 2.
2. Construction of storage buildings
21. Storage buildings for Division 1.4G fireworks may be
a building, igloo, box, trailer, semi-trailer or other mobile
facility. They shall be constructed to resist fire from an
outside source and to be weather-resistant and
theft-resistant.
22. Storage buildings for Division 1.4G fireworks shall
be vented, or in the alternative, shall be constructed in such
a manner that venting will occur by yielding of weaker parts
of the structure under pressure generated by burning
fireworks.
23. All storage buildings shall be equipped with locking
means for all openings.
24. All doors shall open outward and all exits must be
clearly marked. Aisles and exit doors shall be kept free of
any obstructions.
25. Only dust-ignition proof type electrical fixtures
shall be used and wiring shall comply with Section 502-4(b) of
the National Electrical Code. No wall receptacles are
permitted. All light fixtures must have guards.
26. An outside master electrical switch shall be provided
at each storage building where electricity is used.
3. Storage building operations
31. Storage.
a. Storage buildings shall be in the charge of a
competent person at all times who shall be at least 21 years
of age, and who shall be held responsible for the enforcement
of all safety precautions.
b. Doors shall be kept locked, except during hours of
operation.
c. Safety rules covering the operations of storage
buildings shall be posted.
d. Containers shall be piled in a stable manner.
e. Division 1.4G fireworks shall be stored in their
original packaging and in unopened cases or cartons so as to
take advantage of the insulation provided by such packaging;
provided, however, unpackaged fireworks which have been
returned by retailers may be temporarily retained in bins for
repackaging.
f. Tools used for opening containers of Division 1.4G
fireworks shall be constructed of nonsparking material, except
that metal slitters may be used for opening fiberboard
containers.
g. Storage buildings shall be regularly swept, kept
clean, dry, free of grit, paper, empty used packages and
rubbish. Brooms and other cleaning utensils shall not have
any spark-producing metal parts. Sweepings shall be properly
disposed of.
h. When storage buildings need interior repairs, all
fireworks shall be removed therefrom and the interior cleaned.
i. In making exterior storage building repairs, when
there is a possibility of causing sparks of fire, the
fireworks shall be removed from the storage building.
j. Fireworks removed from a storage building under repair
shall either be placed in another storage building or placed a
safe distance from the storage building, where they shall be
properly guarded and protected until repairs have been
completed. Upon completion of repairs, the fireworks shall be
promptly returned to the storage building.
32. Miscellaneous safety precautions
a. Smoking, matches, open flames, spark-producing devices
and firearms (except firearms carried by authorized guards)
shall not be permitted inside of or within 25 feet of storage
buildings.
b. The land surrounding storage buildings shall be kept
clear of brush, dried grass, leaves and similar combustibles
for a distance of at least 25 feet, unless equivalent
protection is provided.
c. Smoking shall not be permitted in storage buildings or
within 25 feet of the storage building. There shall be
conspicuously posted signs with the words "FIREWORKS -- NO SMOKING"
in letters not less than four inches high.
PART IV
QUANTITY-DISTANCE SEPARATION TABLES
Table 1. Minimum Separation Distances of Fireworks
Processing Buildings, Fireworks Magazines, and Fireworks
Storage Buildings from Inhabited Buildings, Passenger
Railways, and Public Highways.1
Net
Weight
of
Fireworks2 |
|
Distance from
Passenger
Railways and Public
Highways3,4,5 |
Distance from Inhabited
Buildings3,4,5 |
| |
Division
1.4G
Fireworks |
Division 1.3G
Fireworks5 |
Division
1.4G
Fireworks |
Division
1.3G
Fireworks5 |
Pounds |
Feet |
Feet |
Feet |
Feet |
| 100 |
25 |
200 |
50 |
200 |
| 200 |
30 |
200 |
60 |
200 |
| 400 |
35 |
200 |
70 |
200 |
| 600 |
40 |
200 |
80 |
208 |
| 800 |
45 |
200 |
90 |
252 |
| 1,000 |
50 |
200 |
100 |
292 |
| 2,000 |
58 |
230 |
115 |
459 |
| 3,000 |
62 |
296 |
124 |
592 |
| 4,000 |
65 |
352 |
130 |
704 |
| 5,000 |
68 |
400 |
135 |
800 |
| 6,000 |
70 |
441 |
139 |
882 |
| 8,000 |
73 |
509 |
140 |
1,018 |
| 10,000 |
75 |
565 |
150 |
1,129 |
| 15,000 |
80 |
668 |
159 |
1,335 |
| 20,000 |
83 |
745 |
165 |
1,490 |
| 30,000 |
87 |
863 |
174 |
1,725 |
| 40,000 |
90 |
953 |
180 |
1,906 |
| 50,000 |
93 |
1,030 |
185 |
2,060 |
| 60,000 |
95 |
1,095 |
189 |
2,190 |
| 80,000 |
98 |
1,205 |
195 |
2,410 |
| 100,000 |
100 |
1,300 |
200 |
2,600 |
| 150,000 |
105 |
1,488 |
209 |
2,975 |
| 200,000 |
108 |
1,638 |
215 |
3,275 |
| 250,000 |
110 |
1,765 |
220 |
3,530 |
| Note 1: |
This table does not apply to separation distances at
fireworks manufacturing buildings, and magazines for storage
of Division 1.4G fireworks and storage buildings for Division
1.4G fireworks. Those separation distances are given in
Table 2.
|
| Note 2: |
Net weight is the weight of all pyrotechnic and explosive
composition and fuse only.
|
| Note 3: |
See definitions of "passenger railways," "public highways"
and "inhabited buildings."
|
| Note 4: |
Division 1.3G fireworks processing buildings and Division
1.3G fireworks magazines, including buildings located on the
property of a fireworks plant shall be separated from
passenger railways, public highways, and inhabited buildings
by a minimum distance of 200 feet except that the
separation from hospitals, schools and bulk storages of
flammable liquids or flammable gases shall be by a minimum
distance of 500 feet.
|
| Note 5: |
The separation distances shall apply to all Division 1.3G
fireworks except salutes. The separation distances in Table 3
shall apply for salutes. When salutes and Division 1.3G
fireworks are stored in the same magazine, the net weight of
salute is applied to Table 3 and the net weight of Division
1.3G fireworks, including the net weight of salutes, is applied
to Table 1. Whichever distance is the greater shall
determine the separation distances of the magazine.
|
| Note 6: |
All distances in Table 1 are to be applied with or without
barricades or screen-type barricades. |
Table 2.
Minimum Separation Distances at
Fireworks Manufacturing Plants
Net Weight
Fireworks1 |
Distance of
Magazines and Storage
Buildings from
Process Buildings and
Nonprocess Buildings2,5 |
Distance Between Process
Buildings and Between
Process and
Nonprocess Buildings2 |
| |
Division 1.4G
Fireworks3 |
Division 1.3G
Fireworks4 |
Division 1.4G
Fireworks3 |
Division 1.3G
Fireworks4 |
| Pounds |
Feet |
Feet |
Feet |
Feet |
| 100 |
30 |
30 |
37 |
57 |
| 200 |
30 |
35 |
37 |
69 |
| 400 |
30 |
44 |
37 |
85 |
| 600 |
30 |
51 |
37 |
97 |
| 800 |
30 |
56 |
37 |
105 |
| 1,000 |
30 |
60 |
37 |
112 |
| 2,000 |
30 |
76 |
37 |
172 |
| 3,000 |
35 |
87 |
48 |
222 |
| 4,000 |
38 |
95 |
60 |
264 |
| 5,000 |
42 |
103 |
67 |
300 |
| 6,000 |
45 |
109 |
72 |
331 |
| 8,000 |
50 |
120 |
78 |
382 |
| 10,000 |
54 |
129 |
82 |
423 |
| Note 1: |
Net weight is the weight of all pyrotechnic and explosive
compositions and fuse only.
|
| Note 2: |
For the purposes of applying the separation distances in
Table 2 a process building includes a mixing building, any
building in which pyrotechnic or explosive compositions is
pressed or otherwise prepared for finishing and assembling,
and any finishing and assembling building. A nonprocess
building means office buildings, warehouses, and other
fireworks plant buildings where no fireworks or explosive
compositions are processed or stored.
|
| Note 3: |
Distances apply with or without barricades or screen-type
barricades.
|
| Note 4: |
Distances apply only with barricades or screen-type
barricades.
|
| Note 5: |
Distances include those between magazines, between storage
buildings, between magazines and storage buildings, between
magazines or storage buildings from process buildings and
nonprocess buildings. |
Table 3. Minimum Separation Distances of Magazines for Storage of Black Powder or Division 1.3G Salutes
from Inhabited Buildings, Highways, and Other Magazines for Storage of Black Powder or Division 1.3G
Salutes.
American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives as Revised and Approved by The Institute of
Makers of Explosives -- November 5, 1971. Distances in feet.
Explosives
|
Inhabited Buildings
|
Public Highways
Class A to D
|
Passenger
Railways--
Public Highways
with
Traffic Volume of
more
than 3,000
Vehicles/Day
|
Separation of
Magazines
|
Pounds
Over |
Pounds
Not
Over |
Barri-
caded |
Unbarri-
caded |
Barri-
caded |
Unbarri-
caded |
Barri-
caded |
Unbarri-
caded |
Barri-
caded |
Unbarri-
caded |
| 2 |
5 |
70 |
140 |
30 |
60 |
51 |
102 |
6 |
12 |
| 5 |
10 |
90 |
180 |
35 |
70 |
64 |
128 |
8 |
16 |
| 10 |
20 |
110 |
220 |
45 |
90 |
81 |
162 |
10 |
20 |
| 20 |
30 |
125 |
250 |
50 |
100 |
93 |
186 |
11 |
22 |
| 30 |
40 |
140 |
280 |
55 |
110 |
103 |
205 |
12 |
24 |
| 40 |
50 |
150 |
300 |
60 |
120 |
110 |
220 |
14 |
28 |
| 50 |
75 |
170 |
340 |
70 |
140 |
127 |
254 |
15 |
30 |
| 75 |
100 |
190 |
380 |
75 |
150 |
139 |
278 |
16 |
32 |
| 100 |
125 |
200 |
400 |
80 |
160 |
150 |
300 |
18 |
36 |
| 125 |
150 |
215 |
430 |
85 |
170 |
159 |
318 |
19 |
38 |
| 150 |
200 |
235 |
470 |
95 |
190 |
175 |
350 |
21 |
42 |
| 200 |
250 |
255 |
510 |
105 |
210 |
189 |
378 |
23 |
46 |
| 250 |
300 |
270 |
540 |
110 |
220 |
201 |
402 |
24 |
48 |
| 300 |
400 |
295 |
590 |
120 |
240 |
221 |
442 |
27 |
54 |
| 400 |
500 |
320 |
640 |
130 |
260 |
238 |
476 |
29 |
58 |
| 500 |
600 |
340 |
680 |
135 |
270 |
253 |
506 |
31 |
62 |
| 600 |
700 |
355 |
710 |
145 |
290 |
266 |
532 |
32 |
64 |
| 700 |
800 |
375 |
750 |
150 |
300 |
278 |
556 |
33 |
66 |
| 800 |
900 |
390 |
780 |
155 |
310 |
289 |
578 |
35 |
70 |
| 900 |
1,000 |
400 |
800 |
160 |
320 |
300 |
600 |
36 |
72 |
| 1,000 |
1,200 |
425 |
850 |
165 |
330 |
318 |
636 |
39 |
78 |
| 1,200 |
1,400 |
450 |
900 |
170 |
340 |
336 |
672 |
41 |
82 |
| 1,400 |
1,600 |
470 |
940 |
175 |
350 |
351 |
702 |
43 |
86 |
| 1,600 |
1,800 |
490 |
980 |
180 |
360 |
366 |
732 |
44 |
88 |
| 1,800 |
2,000 |
505 |
1,010 |
185 |
370 |
378 |
756 |
45 |
90 |
| 2,000 |
2,500 |
545 |
1,090 |
190 |
380 |
408 |
816 |
49 |
98 |
| 2,500 |
3,000 |
580 |
1,160 |
195 |
390 |
432 |
864 |
52 |
104 |
| 3,000 |
4,000 |
635 |
1,270 |
210 |
420 |
474 |
948 |
58 |
116 |
| 4,000 |
5,000 |
685 |
1,370 |
225 |
450 |
513 |
1,026 |
61 |
122 |
| 5,000 |
6,000 |
730 |
1,460 |
235 |
470 |
546 |
1,092 |
65 |
130 |
| 6,000 |
7,000 |
770 |
1,540 |
245 |
490 |
573 |
1,146 |
68 |
136 |
| 7,000 |
8,000 |
800 |
1,600 |
250 |
500 |
600 |
1,200 |
72 |
144 |
| 8,000 |
9,000 |
835 |
1,670 |
255 |
510 |
624 |
1,248 |
75 |
150 |
| 9,000 |
10,000 |
865 |
1,730 |
260 |
520 |
645 |
1,290 |
78 |
155 |
| 10,000 |
12,000 |
875 |
1,750 |
270 |
540 |
687 |
1,374 |
82 |
164 |
| 12,000 |
14,000 |
885 |
1,770 |
275 |
550 |
723 |
1,446 |
87 |
174 |
| 14,000 |
16,000 |
900 |
1,800 |
280 |
560 |
756 |
1,512 |
90 |
180 |
| 16,000 |
18,000 |
940 |
1,880 |
285 |
570 |
786 |
1,572 |
94 |
188 |
| 18,000 |
20,000 |
975 |
1,950 |
290 |
580 |
813 |
1,626 |
98 |
196 |
| 20,000 |
25,000 |
1,055 |
2,000 |
315 |
630 |
876 |
1,752 |
105 |
210 |
| 25,000 |
30,000 |
1,130 |
2,000 |
340 |
680 |
933 |
1,866 |
112 |
224 |
| 30,000 |
35,000 |
1,205 |
2,000 |
360 |
720 |
981 |
1,962 |
119 |
238 |
| 35,000 |
40,000 |
1,275 |
2,000 |
380 |
760 |
1,026 |
2,000 |
124 |
248 |
| 40,000 |
45,000 |
1,340 |
2,000 |
400 |
800 |
1,068 |
2,000 |
129 |
258 |
| 45,000 |
50,000 |
1,400 |
2,000 |
420 |
840 |
1,104 |
2,000 |
135 |
270 |
| 50,000 |
55,000 |
1,460 |
2,000 |
440 |
880 |
1,140 |
2,000 |
140 |
280 |
| 55,000 |
60,000 |
1,515 |
2,000 |
455 |
910 |
1,173 |
2,000 |
145 |
290 |
| 60,000 |
65,000 |
1,565 |
2,000 |
470 |
940 |
1,206 |
2,000 |
150 |
300 |
| 65,000 |
70,000 |
1,610 |
2,000 |
485 |
970 |
1,236 |
2,000 |
155 |
310 |
| 70,000 |
75,000 |
1,655 |
2,000 |
500 |
1,000 |
1,263 |
2,000 |
160 |
320 |
| 75,000 |
80,000 |
1,695 |
2,000 |
510 |
1,020 |
1,293 |
2,000 |
165 |
330 |
| 80,000 |
85,000 |
1,730 |
2,000 |
520 |
1,040 |
1,317 |
2,000 |
170 |
340 |
| 85,000 |
90,000 |
1,760 |
2,000 |
530 |
1,050 |
1,344 |
2,000 |
175 |
350 |
| 90,000 |
95,000 |
1,790 |
2,000 |
540 |
1,080 |
1,368 |
2,000 |
180 |
360 |
| 95,000 |
100,000 |
1,815 |
2,000 |
545 |
1,090 |
1,392 |
2,000 |
185 |
370 |
| 100,000 |
110,000 |
1,835 |
2,000 |
550 |
1,100 |
1,437 |
2,000 |
195 |
390 |
| 110,000 |
120,000 |
1,855 |
2,000 |
555 |
1,110 |
1,479 |
2,000 |
205 |
410 |
| 120,000 |
130,000 |
1,875 |
2,000 |
560 |
1,120 |
1,521 |
2,000 |
215 |
430 |
| 130,000 |
140,000 |
1,890 |
2,000 |
565 |
1,130 |
1,557 |
2,000 |
225 |
450 |
| 140,000 |
150,000 |
1,900 |
2,000 |
570 |
1,140 |
1,593 |
2,000 |
235 |
470 |
| 150,000 |
160,000 |
1,935 |
2,000 |
580 |
1,160 |
1,629 |
2,000 |
245 |
490 |
| 160,000 |
170,000 |
1,965 |
2,000 |
590 |
1,180 |
1,662 |
2,000 |
255 |
510 |
| 170,000 |
180,000 |
1,990 |
2,000 |
600 |
1,200 |
1,695 |
2,000 |
265 |
530 |
| 180,000 |
190,000 |
2,010 |
2,010 |
605 |
1,210 |
1,725 |
2,000 |
275 |
550 |
| 190,000 |
200,000 |
2,030 |
2,030 |
610 |
1,220 |
1,755 |
2,000 |
285 |
570 |
| 200,000 |
210,000 |
2,055 |
2,055 |
620 |
1,240 |
1,782 |
2,000 |
295 |
590 |
| 210,000 |
230,000 |
2,100 |
2,100 |
635 |
1,270 |
1,836 |
2,000 |
315 |
630 |
| 230,000 |
250,000 |
2,155 |
2,155 |
650 |
1,300 |
1,890 |
2,000 |
335 |
670 |
| 250,000 |
275,000 |
2,215 |
2,215 |
670 |
1,340 |
1,950 |
2,000 |
360 |
720 |
| 275,000 |
300,000 |
2,275 |
2,275 |
690 |
1,380 |
2,000 |
2,000 |
385 |
770 |
[Statutory Authority: Chapters 43.43 and 70.77 RCW. 05-12-033, § 212-17-900, filed 5/24/05, effective 6/24/05. Statutory Authority: RCW 70.77.250 and chapter 48.48 RCW. 82-22-068 (Order FM 82-10), § 212-17-900, filed 11/2/82.]