Transit-Oriented Development
Contents
- Introduction
- Transit-Oriented Development - Guides, Studies, and Articles
- Transit Oriented Development and Market Forces
- Transit Oriented Development Plan and Ordinance Examples
Introduction
Transit systems (including rail or bus service) can provide a convenient transportation option and play a significant role in reducing traffic congestion. Successful transit systems require development patterns and community design that support transit use. Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) focuses a mix of land-uses, such as residential, office, shopping, personal services, civic uses and entertainment within easy walking distance from a centrally-located transit station (about 1/4 mile, 5-10 minutes). TOD is designed to increase the number of residences and potential transit riders that have convenient access to transit. A variety of moderate and higher density housing options are typically a part of the mix. In addition, a complementary mix of uses, activities, and services located in close proximity makes it easier for TOD residents to commute to work, run errands, socialize and meet basic needs without always needing a car. Transit riders generally begin and end their trips by walking. As a result, a network of safe and convenient walkways that connect transit, residences and other uses, and an attractive pedestrian environment are a hallmark of TOD development. A well-designed bicycle system and facilities can increase the radius that people will travel to access transit. Community spaces, plazas, activities and attractive design are also important components in drawing people to TOD development.
Transit-Oriented Development - Guides, Studies, and Articles
- Transportation Resource Guide, Transit-Oriented Development, American Public Transportation Association, Number 8, October 2003
- Ten Principles for Successful Development around Transit - Available for purchase from Urban Land Institute
- Strategies for Making Transit-Oriented Development Happen - Puget Sound Regional Council (in particular see Financing page)
- "Creating Transit Station Communities in the Central Puget Sound Region: A Transit-Oriented Development Workbook," 1999
- Portland Tri-Met - Community Building Sourcebook, 2005 (see Ch. 3- Transit-Oriented Developments)
- Transit-Oriented Development in the United States: Experiences, Challenges, and Prospects, TCRP Report No. 102, Transportation Research Board, Robert Cervero, G.B. Arrington, Jane Smith-Heimer, Robert Dunphy et al., 2004 - A comprehensive assessment of the state of the practice and the benefits of transit-oriented development (TOD) and joint development throughout the United States
- "Transit-Oriented Development: Moving from Rhetoric to Reality," by Dena Belzer and Gerald Autler, The Brookings Institution, 2002
- "Transit-Oriented Development: Developing a Strategy to Measure Success," Transportation Research Board, Research Results Digest 294, John L. Renne, Jan S. Wells, and Edward J. Bloustein, February 2005
- "Travel Characteristics of Transit-Oriented Development in California: Final Report," by Hollie M. Lund, Ph.D., Robert Cervero, Ph.D., and Richard W. Willson, Ph.D., AICP, Funded by Caltrans Transportation Grant, January 2004
- Statewide Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Study, Factors for Success in California - Special Report: Parking and TOD: Challenges and Opportunities, California Department of Transportation, 2002
- Trans-Formation: Recreating Transit-Oriented Neighborhood Centers in Washington, DC - A Design Handbook for Neighborhood Residents, Office of Planning, September 2002 - explanation of 6 key design principles
- Construction of Transit-Based Development, by Dr. Scott Lefaver (P.I), Britta Buys, Diana Castillo, Stephen Mattoon, and John Vargo, The Mineta Transportation Institute - San Jose State University, September 2001 - looks at successful programs and suggests incentives and codes at state and local level
- Building Transit Oriented Development In Established Communities, Julie Goodwill and Sara J. Hendricks, Center for Urban Transportation Research University of South Florida, 2002
- Hidden In Plain Sight Capturing The Demand For Housing Near Transit, Center for Transit-Oriented Development for the Federal Highway Administration, 2004 - Study finds high demand for housing near transit (double that which exists today)
- "Transit-Oriented Development and Joint Development in the United States: A Literature Review," Transit Cooperative Research Program, Research Results Digest, October 2002
- "The Zoning and Real Estate Implications of Transit-Oriented Development," Transit Cooperative Research Program, Research Results Digest, Transportation Research Board, October 2002
- Center for Transit-Oriented Development at ReconnectingAmerica - Links to reports and studies, case studies, latest news
Transit Oriented Development and Market Forces
- "Why Build Near Transit?" Paul Zykofsky, Local Government Commission
- "The Effect of Rail Transit on Property Values: A Summary of Studies," Draft Report, prepared by Parsons-Brinckerhoff for NEORail II Cleveland OH
- Light Rails Systems and Property Values Fact Sheet, South Sacramento Corridor Phase 2 Project
- Rail Transit and Property Values, American Public Transportation Association Transit-Oriented Development Programs and Case Studies
- Seattle Transit-Oriented Development Program Advocate - Links to Seattle and Portland TOD projects
- Seattle Station Area Planning, Transit Oriented Development Case Studies, Seattle Department of Transportation
- King County Transit-Oriented Development Program - Descriptions of a number of TOD projects
- Transit-Oriented Development, Pennsylvania Environmental Council - Includes links to case studies & news
- California TOD Web Site and searchable database of TOD projects
- Portland Metro Transit-Oriented Implementation Program
- TOD Case Study - Portland area - Includes links to a number of documents and studies related to station planning
- Denver Transit-Oriented Implementation Program - Denver-area project descriptions; transit and property values information and station area plans
- New Jersey Transit Village evaluations and economic analysis, Rutgers University
Transit Oriented Development Plan and Ordinance Examples
- Vancouver, WA Zoning Code, ch. 20.550 - Transit Overlay District (includes incentives)
- Hillsboro, OR Zoning Ordinance No. 1945, Volume II, Sections 136 through 142 - Station Community Planning Areas; See Volume I for definitions and procedural requirements
- Portland, OR Zoning Code, ch. 33.450 - Light Rail Transit Station Zone
- Gresham, OR Transit Corridor Plan & Civic Neighborhood Transit-Centered Development Plan
- Charlotte, NC Transit Supportive Overlay District, sec 10.901 - 10.913 Code of Ordinances
- Minneapolis, MN 38th Street Station Area Master Plan
- Mountainview, CA Integrated Transit-Oriented Development - Description of award-winning TOD programs including links to several station area precise plans
- Massachusetts Transit Oriented Development Overlay District: Model Bylaw, Smart Growth Toolkit Bylaw